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Latest — 6 articles

Research ArticleSubscription

Why a sepsis bundle that worked in trials failed in eleven district hospitals: an implementation study

Dr. Lakshmi Pillai, Dr. Marco Ferreira, Dr. Farhan Qureshi

Lighthouse Journal of Public HealthVolume 9, issue 22026pp. 88–11438 citations

A sepsis care bundle with strong trial evidence was introduced across eleven district hospitals in two Indian states. Thirty-day mortality did not improve (adjusted OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.14). Rather than report a null result and stop, we conducted a parallel implementation study — 94 interviews, 340 hours of observation and time-stamped process data — to establish what happened. Bundle compliance was 34 per cent, and the binding constraint was not knowledge, motivation or protocol design but laboratory turnaround: the lactate result the bundle is built around arrived after the window in which it could change care in 71 per cent of cases.

Research ArticleOpen access

Reading gains from first-language instruction in multilingual primary classrooms: a two-year study in 46 Karnataka schools

Dr. Ishita Barua, Prof. Suresh Nair, Rukmini Shetty

Lighthouse Journal of Education & PedagogyVolume 9, issue 12026pp. 45–6822 citations

Karnataka's primary classrooms routinely contain children whose home languages differ from the medium of instruction. We report a two-year study in 46 government schools comparing a structured first-language bridging programme against business-as-usual instruction. Children in bridging classrooms gained 0.41 SD in Kannada reading fluency and, contrary to the common objection, 0.23 SD in English decoding — the transfer effect the bridging literature predicts and the policy debate consistently discounts. Gains were largest for children whose home language was neither Kannada nor English.

Research ArticleOpen access

An audit of Hindi and Hinglish content moderation classifiers on three major platforms

Dr. Rohit Malhotra, Dr. Priya Venkataraman, Aisha Khan

Journal of AI Ethics & SocietyVolume 8, issue 12026pp. 22–5064 citations

Content moderation classifiers are evaluated overwhelmingly on English. We construct a 24,000-item benchmark of Hindi, Romanised Hindi and Hinglish social media text, annotated by nine trained annotators against a published codebook with substantial inter-annotator agreement, and audit the public moderation endpoints of three major platforms against it. All three perform far worse on Romanised Hindi than on Devanagari Hindi, and worst of all on code-mixed Hinglish, which is the register most actually used. False negative rates on caste-based slurs reach 71 per cent. We release the benchmark and the annotation codebook.

Research ArticleSubscription

Who inherits the shop? Succession, daughters and firm survival in 1,100 informal Indian family businesses

Dr. Ananya Deshpande, Prof. Rajesh Iyer

Lighthouse Journal of Management & OrganisationVolume 11, issue 42026pp. 512–54247 citations

Family firm succession research is built almost entirely on registered, formal firms with documented ownership. We study succession in the informal sector, where ownership is undocumented and the transfer is social rather than legal. Following 1,100 informal family businesses across four Indian cities for six years, we find that firms transferred to daughters survive at materially higher rates than those transferred to sons (hazard ratio 0.68), and that the gap is explained not by the successor's characteristics but by selection: daughters are handed the business only when no son is available or willing, and the firms in that condition are systematically the healthier ones.

Research ArticleOpen access

The people behind the label: working conditions in India's data annotation industry

Prof. Daniel Okonkwo, Aisha Khan, Dr. Hannah Weiss

Journal of AI Ethics & SocietyVolume 7, issue 42025pp. 401–42852 citations

Machine learning depends on annotation labour that its literature rarely describes. Drawing on 68 interviews with annotators and eleven with managers across nine firms in Bengaluru, Kochi and Bhubaneswar, we document a labour process organised around quota, surveillance and a quality regime that transfers the cost of ambiguous data to the worker. We argue that annotation guidelines function as an unacknowledged site of normative decision-making: annotators routinely resolve genuine moral ambiguity under time pressure, and their resolutions are laundered into training data as ground truth.

Review EssayOpen access

The untranslatable refrain: radif, rhyme and the limits of the English ghazal

Dr. Fatima Sheikh

Lighthouse Review of Literature & Cultural StudiesVolume 10, issue 32025pp. 288–30919 citations

The ghazal's arrival in English has been narrated as a story of formal liberation, in which Anglophone poets took what they wanted and left the rest. This essay reads that account against the form's own structural logic, arguing that what was left behind — the radif, the repeated word or phrase closing each couplet — is not an ornament but the mechanism by which the ghazal generates meaning across its otherwise unconnected couplets. Through close readings of Ghalib in three English translations alongside Agha Shahid Ali's formal ghazals, I argue that the English ghazal is best understood not as a translation of the form but as a distinct form that shares its name.